Understanding Tooth Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Introduction

Tooth fractures are a frequent dental problem that can lead to discomfort, pain, and potentially serious issues if not addressed. A badly cracked tooth can be a dental emergency. If you suspect you have a cracked tooth, it’s crucial to see a qualified dentist. There are different types and severities of tooth fractures, and recognizing these differences is essential for providing the right treatment.

 Source: Tooth Injury – Treatments for Chipped, Cracked & Broken Teeth

What is a Tooth Fracture?

A tooth fracture is a break or crack in the structure of a tooth, which can occur for various reasons and at any age. It is also known as cracked tooth syndrome. Tooth fractures can vary in severity, ranging from small chips to more serious splits that may affect the tooth’s pulp. 

Types of tooth fracture

Tooth fractures can vary in severity, ranging from small chips to more serious splits that may affect the tooth’s pulp. Treatment options depend on the type and severity of the fracture.

  • Craze lines: Very small cracks in the tooth structure which are usually not painful and do not require treatment. 
  • Fractured cusps: Generally occurs around a dental filling and usually does not affect the pulp of the tooth. 
  • Cracks that extend into the gum line: It is a vertical crack that runs from the surface of the tooth to the gum line. 
  • Split teeth: This is a crack which splits the tooth into two parts. 
  • Vertical root fractures: This is a crack that starts below the gum line and extends to the surface of the tooth. 

Source: Recent Advances in the Diagnosis of Enamel Cracks: A Narrative Review

Causes of Tooth Fractures

Tooth fractures can be caused by several factors. Understanding these causes can help in prevention and early intervention.

  • Chewing or biting on hard foods such as nuts, hard candy, etc. 
  • Trauma and injury to the oral cavity from accident, sports injury, or a fall. 
  • Teeth grinding also called as bruxism can cause tooth fracture due to pressure from grinding 
  • Cavities and decay cause teeth to fracture due to lost tooth structure.
  • Improper fillings weaken the integrity of tooth structure leading to fracture. 
  • Ageing and wear may cause tooth fracture due to weakened tooth structure

Symptoms of a Fractured Tooth

  • Sharp or dull intermittent pain when chewing or biting, especially when you release the bite. 
  • Sensitivity to heat, cold, or sweets.
  • Lingering discomfort that doesn’t go away. 
  • Visible cracks or chips in the tooth enamel. 
  • Swelling and inflammation in gums around the tooth affected

Diagnosis of Tooth Fractures

  • Taking thorough dental history regarding history and symptoms.Dental examination techniques
  • Through visual examination to identify tiny cracks. 
  • Sometimes dental dyes are used to make the crack stand out.
  • X-rays and imaging of your teeth which may not directly show the crack, but it can highlight issues with pulp health that may suggest the presence of a fracture.

Treatment Options for Tooth Fractures

Cracked tooth treatment depends on how much damage your tooth has. Sometimes, minor fractures may not require immediate treatment but should be monitored for changes. It’s essential to consult a dentist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan tailored to your specific situation. Common treatments include:

  • Conservative treatments like bonding, fillings: For small chips or cracks, a tooth-coloured resin can be applied to restore the tooth’s appearance and function.
  • Crowns and veneers: For more extensive fractures, a crown may be placed over the tooth to provide protection and strength. Recent advances in digital dentistry like CAD/CAM systems allow more precise fitting. 
  • Root canals for severe fractures: If the fracture extends into the pulp, a root canal may be necessary to remove infected tissue and prevent further complications.
  • Extraction in extreme cases: In severe cases where the tooth cannot be saved, extraction may be required.

                Source: Chipped/Broken/Fractured Tooth Treatment Delhi India

Prevention Tips

  • Good oral hygiene practices
  • Wearing mouthguards during sports
  • Avoids foods that are hard to bite
  • Avoid teeth grinding or clenching of teeth

Conclusion

Tooth fractures are a common dental issue that can lead to pain and other complications if not addressed promptly. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for maintaining oral health. If you suspect you have a cracked tooth, it’s important to consult a dentist for a thorough evaluation and appropriate care. Early diagnosis and treatment can help preserve the tooth and prevent further damage, ensuring a healthier smile. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices can also aid in preventing fractures in the future.

written by Shruthi M

Reference:

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21628-fractured-tooth-cracked-tooth

https://www.healthline.com/health/cracked-tooth

×

Enter Your Institute & Institute Address to get more benefits