Objective: To prepare stomata slide for microscopic study of stomata – Practical Pharmacognosy Theory: On the outer later of the leaf of a plant are microscopic holes called stomata. They control the gas exchange and loss water by opening and closing. They are usually found on both top and bottom of leaf. Many plants have

Subjective: To Determine moisture content of crude drug by loss on drying method. Theory: Moisture content is determined via a thermogravimetric method i.e. by loss on drying. In which, the sample is heated & the weight loss due to evaporation of moisture is recorded. Requirements: Apparatus: Porcelain dish, spatula, tongs, digital weighing machine, hot air

Objective: To Determine the Swelling Index of Crude Drug (Psyllium Husk) Theory: The swelling index is used to find the swelling capacity of given crude drug. When a drug is dipped into the water in a measuring cylinder it gets swell up after some time by absorbing it. Formula: Requirements: Measuring cylinder, stopper, distilled water,

Objective: To Determine Total Ash Value of Crude Drug Theory: Ash value are helpful in determining the quality & purity of crude drugs especially in powdered form. The objective of ash-ing vegetable drug is to remove all traces of organic matter which may interferes in analytical determination. Principle: On incineration, the crude drugs normally produce